Researchers Discover Two New Venomous Scorpion Species
Researchers in Western Australia have discovered two new venomous scorpion species, Urodacus uncinus and Urodacus lunatus. This significant find of arachnids with uncommon reproductive structures reinforces the need for understanding and conservation of these creatures.
By Beth Snider · January 20, 2024
Researchers exploring the arid landscapes of north Western Australia have made a fascinating discovery of not one, but two new venomous scorpion species. These arachnids, identified as Urodacus uncinus and Urodacus lunatus, were found in the Pilbara region according to a study published in the Australian Journal of Zoology. The distinguishing factor between the two species lies in their genitalia, marking a new finding in the world of scorpion taxonomy.
The expedition, aimed at studying scorpions in their natural habitat, initially identified an “unusual” new species. However, a closer examination revealed that what was initially considered one species was, in fact, two.
Measuring nearly 3 inches, these “large” scorpions exhibit distinctive features, particularly in their reproductive structures. Males of both species have unique hemispermatophores, covering their abdomens to protect spermatophores used in mating. These structures differ - Urodacus uncinus has a “conical” shape, while Urodacus lunatus has a “waxing crescent half moon” structure, inspiring its name.
The researchers also noted the strangely shaped tails of the new species. The male specimens possess a distinct enlargement at the tip of their tails, housing a swollen venom gland and a more strongly curved sting than any other known species of the genus. Urodacus uncinus earned its name from the Latin word for “hook,” referencing its curved sting.
Scorpions are among the most ancient of land animals, predating even the non-bird dinosaurs. Despite their ancient lineage, the external anatomy of scorpions has changed little throughout millions of years.
Conservation concerns arise due to limited knowledge about the diversity and distribution of Australian scorpions. Less than 10% of the country’s scorpion species have been scientifically described, leaving many species vulnerable to habitat loss. The newly discovered Urodacus uncinus and lunatus, with limited distributions in creeks and drainage lines, are particularly vulnerable.
The Urodacus genus is popular among enthusiasts and as an exotic pet, one of the top 10 invertebrate species in the online pet trade. However, the lack of regulations for scorpion ownership in most Australian states causes concerns about potential impacts on natural populations. Dr. Buzatto and his team stressed the importance of understanding the biodiversity of burrowing scorpions and addressed potential threats from human activities.